Septic tanks are frequently used in areas where sewer systems are not present for treatment of individual residents wastewater. The overall septic system typically includes an actual tank where solids settle, as well as a drainfield, through waste water percolates into the ground. Improperly functioning septic tanks can cause health problems, usually as a result of contact with sewage.

Sewage system maintenance is typically overlooked, although most septic systems, to function properly, must have their solids pumped out every several years. If this is not done, solids enter the drainfield system, eventually clogging it.

Where septic systems are present at a property, appropriate inquiry should always be made prior to completion of the property transaction. If the location of the septic system is not known, then it is likely that solids have not been cleaned out on a regular basis. A qualified system inspector should be engaged to determine whether the size of the septic system is adequate for the residential or the commercial facility, and the system should be inspected.

In extreme situations, occupancy of the residence can be disallowed if there is a non-functioning or inadequately functioning septic system. At some locations with shallow groundwater levels, where traditional septic systems which cannot meet sanitary codes, more expensive "sand mound" systems are needed, such that the wastewater percolates in an aboveground mound.

Inspection of septic systems by qualified professionals is highly recommended where ever a septic system is used for wastewater service at a property which is going to be subject to sale.

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